Method and apparatus for secure transfer and playback of multimedia content

ABSTRACT

A method and apparatus for secure transfer and playback of multimedia content enables the secure transfer of multimedia content from a digital video recorder (DVR) to a personal computer (PC) and further to a handheld device. A DVR determines which devices on a Local Area Network (LAN) are authorized to share and/or retrieve content from the DVR. The DVR receives a connection request from a PC on the LAN, authorizes the connection request and establishes a secure connection between the DVR and the PC. Once the secure connection is established, the DVR receives a request for multimedia content from the PC, prepares the multimedia content for transfer and transfers the multimedia content to the PC.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS; PRIORITY CLAIM

This application is a continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 14/262,557, filedApr. 25, 2014; which is a continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 13/023,057,filed Feb. 8, 2011; which is a continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 11/285,416,filed Nov. 21, 2005, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,895,633 issued Feb. 22, 2011;which claims the benefit of Provisional Appin. 60/630,398, filed Nov.19, 2004, the entire contents of which is hereby incorporated byreference as if fully set forth herein, under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e). Theapplicant(s) hereby rescind any disclaimer of claim scope in the parentapplication(s) or the prosecution history thereof and advise the USPTOthat the claims in this application may be broader than any claim in theparent application(s).

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to securely transferring multimedia contentbetween devices in a computer network and securely playing back themultimedia content in a device.

p BACKGROUND

The approaches described in this section are approaches that could bepursued, but not necessarily approaches that have been previouslyconceived or pursued. Therefore, unless otherwise indicated, theapproaches described in this section may not be prior art to the claimsin this application and are not admitted to be prior art by inclusion inthis section.

TV viewers can record broadcasted TV programs using a videocassetterecorder (VCR). As such, a VCR user can record a particular TV programat the time it is broadcasted and play the same recorded TV program at alater time. In order to accomplish this, a VCR changes the electricalsignals representing a TV program into magnetic signals and stores themagnetic signals on magnetic tape. The magnetic tape is usually in theform of a videocassette tape inserted into the VCR by the VCR user. Whena VCR user decides to play back the TV program, the process is reversed,and the VCR changes the magnetic signals stored on the videocassettetape into electrical signals and sends the electrical signals to a TVset.

With the development of digital technology, VCRs are being replaced bydigital video recorders (DVRs) Like a VCR, a DVR records broadcasted TVprograms for later playback by changing electrical signals of the TVprogram into digital information and storing the digital information ina memory device. When the user plays back the recorded TV program, theDVR converts the digital information back to analog signals and sendsthe signals to the TV set which displays the TV program for the viewer.

DVRs are becoming increasingly popular and widely used for recordingbroadcasted TV programs. While the ability to record and control theplayback of recorded TV programs is convenient, DVR users are forced toview recorded TV programs at a TV set connected to the particular DVRwhich recorded the program. Put differently, a DVR user cannot viewrecorded TV programs away from the DVR that recorded the program. As aconsequence, a drawback typical to a DVR is the inability to viewrecorded TV programs in multiple locations. However, DVR users desire towatch recorded TV programs away from the DVR that recorded the TVprograms.

At the same time, content providers who provide TV programs areconcerned with preserving and monitoring copyrighted program material.Thus, content providers do not want DVR users to freely transfer TVprograms to unauthorized devices or distribute recorded TV programs toother unauthorized DVR users.

What is desired is to establish a secure communication system throughwhich a user may transfer recorded TV programs and other multimediacontent from a DVR to a Personal Computer (PC). Additionally, such asystem would provide a user with the ability to transfer recordedprograms from a PC to another device in a secure manner that preservesthe program material provider's copyrights.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present invention is illustrated by way of example, and not by wayof limitation, in the figures of the accompanying drawings and in whichlike reference numerals refer to similar elements and in which:

FIG. 1A is a block diagram illustrating a communication system forproviding secure transfer and playback of multimedia content accordingto one embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 1B is a block diagram illustrating a general overview of thecomponents of a Digital Video Recorder (DVR) according to one embodimentof the invention;

FIG. 2 is a flow chart illustrating a method for establishing a secureconnection between a DVR and a PC for the secure transfer and playbackof multimedia content according to one embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 3A is a flow chart illustrating a method for securely transferringmultimedia content between a DVR and a PC according to one embodiment ofthe invention;

FIG. 3B is a block diagram illustrating a user-interface for securelytransferring multimedia content between a DVR and a PC according to oneembodiment of the invention;

FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a general overview of an MPEGprogram stream according to one embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating a user-interface presented to auser of a DVR for downloading multimedia content from a content provideraccording to one embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a process for converting an internalPES representation of multimedia content into an MPEG program streamaccording to one embodiment of the invention; and

FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a system on which embodiments of theinvention may be implemented.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

A method and apparatus for providing secure transfer and playback ofmultimedia content is described. In the following description, for thepurposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth inorder to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. Itwill be apparent, however, that the present invention may be practicedwithout these specific details. In other instances, well-knownstructures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoidunnecessarily obscuring the present invention.

In the following discussion, in references to the drawings like numeralsrefer to like parts throughout the several views.

Embodiments are described herein according to the following outline:

-   -   1.0 General Overview    -   2.0 Structural Overview    -   3.0 Approach for Providing Secure Transfer and Playback of        Multimedia        -   Content        -   3.1 Establishing a Secure Connection between a DVR and a PC        -   3.2 Transferring Multimedia Content between a DVR and a PC        -   3.3 Internal PES to MPEG Conversion    -   4.0 Implementation Mechanisms—Hardware Overview    -   5.0 Extensions and Alternatives

1.0 General Overview

The needs identified in the foregoing Background, and other needs andobjects that will become apparent for the following description, areachieved in the present invention, which comprises, in one aspect, amethod for providing secure transfer and playback of multimedia content.DVR users are offered a means by which they may securely transfercontent from a DVR to a PC and further to a handheld device. DVRs havethe ability to identify PCs and other DVRS in a LAN by performing adiscovery operation. During discovery, a DVR can determine which deviceson the LAN are authorized to share and/or retrieve content from the DVR.On a PC on the LAN, a media application program is used to communicatewith the DVR and initiate transfers of content from the DVR to the PC.When the media application program is loaded on the PC, it requestsinformation for identifying a particular DVR from a user. In oneembodiment, this information can be in the form of a media access keyassociated with the DVR. When the user supplies the media access key tothe media application program, the program finds the associated DVR onthe LAN and sends a connection request to the DVR.

When the DVR receives the connection request, it authenticates therequest by, for instance, comparing the supplied media access key withthe DVRs media access key. If the media access keys match, the DVRestablishes a secure connection with the PC, which can be done byencrypting all messages between the DVR and PC using various encryptionmethods such as public key encryption or the Turing encryptionalgorithm. Further, the DVR can utilize hash algorithms, such as MessageDigest-5 (MD5) or Secure Hash Algorithm-1 (SHA-1) to sign all messagesbetween the DVR and PC. Thus, when the PC receives a message from theDVR, it uses an appropriate encryption key to decrypt the message intoits original format.

Once the PC and the DVR have established a secure connection, the securetransferring of multimedia content between the devices is enabled. Forthis purpose, the media application program located on the PC features agraphical user interface for requesting and viewing a list of contentlocated on the DVR and for selecting content for transfer. Thus, usingthe media application program, a user may request a listing of contentfrom the DVR. When the request is received, the DVR generates thelisting of content and sends the listing to the PC, which displays theavailable content to the user via the media application program. Theuser then selects which content to transfer from the DVR to the PC. Theuser can select any content that may be stored on the DVR, including,but not limited to: recorded TV programs, music files, movies, images,or content that the DVR downloaded from a content server using abroadband connection.

When the DVR receives the request to transfer the content, it locatesthe content and begins the process of preparing the content for transferto the PC by converting the internal format of the content into adigital data stream. At this point, the DVR may attach additional data,such as content and licensing data to the digital data stream. In oneembodiment, the DVR can further encrypt the digital data stream forsecure delivery to the PC using, for example, using the Turingencryption algorithm. Also, the DVR can sign the digital data streamusing a Secure Hash Algorithm-1 (SHA-1) of the DVR's MAC address togenerate a SHA-1 encryption key. Next, the DVR sends the digital datastream to the PC, which decrypts and stores the digital data stream ontoa storage device. While the DVR is sending the program stream to the PC,the media application program allows a user to track the progress of thetransfer by displaying transfer status information. Further, once the PCreceives the digital data stream, the PC may convert and send the datastream to a portable device.

In another embodiment, the PC can automatically retrieve content fromthe DVR without user interaction by having the user schedule transfersfrom the DVR to the PC. Further, the PC can automatically synchronizeany content it receives with a portable device. A user can schedule theretrieval of content through a service provider website, which may beaccessed via a PC or portable device. A broadband application of thesystem is also possible. In such an application of the system, a contentserver allows a DVR to select content to be transferred and viewed onthe DVR over a broadband network, such as the Internet.

In other aspects, the invention encompasses a computer apparatus and acomputer-readable medium configured to carry out the foregoing steps.

-   2.0 Structural Overview

Referring to FIG. 1A, in accordance with one embodiment, a communicationsystem for sharing content between a DVR and a PC is shown. Thecommunication system contains DVRs 102A, 102B and 104. DVRs 102A, 102Band 104 are communicatively coupled to Local Area Network (LAN) 105through any proper communication interface, such as an Ethernet orwireless communications port. PC 101 may be a personal computing devicesuch as a desktop or laptop computer, and is communicatively coupled toLAN 105 through any proper interface. Portable Device 101A may becommunicatively coupled to the PC or to LAN 105. In one embodiment, thePortable Device 101A may be a handheld computing device, cellular phone,portable media player, etc., for displaying multimedia content. ThroughLAN 105 and Internet 107, DVRs 102A and 102B may communicate withService Provider 106A and Content Server 106B.

Content Server 106B provides multimedia content to the DVR over anetwork connection. For instance, DVR 102A may download content fromContent Server 106B for playback on a connected TV set or for transferto PC 101 using the methods described herein.

In this example, PC 101, DVRs 102A and 102B and Portable device 101A areall authorized sharing devices on Home network 190. PC 110 and DVR 104may be unauthorized sharing devices attached to LAN 105.

In one embodiment, DVR 102A, installed on home network 190, communicateswith a Service Provider 106A, which provides program guide data,graphical resources (such as fonts, pictures, etc.), serviceinformation, software programs, advertisements, and other forms of datathat enable DVR 102A to operate independently of the Service Provider106 to satisfy viewer interests. Communication between DVR 102A andService Provider 106 utilizes a secure distribution architecture totransfer data between the DVR 102A and the Service Provider 106A suchthat both the service data and the user's privacy are protected. Thefunctionality of a DVR is typified in U.S. Pat. No. 6,233,389 which isowned by the Applicant and is hereby incorporated by reference.

Referring to FIG. 1B, in an embodiment, DVR 102A generally comprises aplurality of components, signified by Signal Converter 154, that arenecessary to digitize an analog television signal and convert it into adigital data stream or to accept a digital data stream. DVR 102Areceives broadcast signals from an antenna, from a cable TV system,satellite receiver, etc., via Input 152A. Input 152A may comprise aplurality of tuning modules that allow a plurality of signals to bereceived and recorded simultaneously.

Recording Module 160 records the incoming data stream by storing thedigital data stream on at least one storage facility, signified byStorage 164 that is designed to retain segments of the digital datastream. A Signal Converter 154 retrieves segments of the data stream,convert the data stream into an analog signal, and then modulate thesignal onto a RF carrier, via Output 152B, through which the signal isdelivered to a standard TV set. Output 152B may alternatively deliver adigital signal to a TV set or video monitor. For example, DVR 102A mayutilize a Digital Visual Interface port (DVI) for sending digitalsignals to a TV via a DVI cable.

DVR 102A also includes a Communication Interface 162, through which theDVR 102A communicates with Network 105 via Ethernet, wireless network,modem, or other communications standard. Further, DVR 102A may beintegrated into a TV system such that the components described above arehoused in a TV set capable of performing the functions of each componentof DVR 102A.

In another embodiment, DVR 102A generally comprises a plurality ofcomponents necessary to receive, record, store, transfer and playbackdigital data signals from a plurality of sources, such as a PC, a DVR, aservice provider, or content server. DVR 102A can transfer digital datasignals to another DVR or PC. DVR 102A may encode or decode digitalsignals via Encoder 156A and Decoder 156B into a plurality of formatsfor playback, storage or transfer. DVR 102A can also encrypt or decryptdigital data signals using Encryptor/Decryptor 158 for storage, transferor playback of the digital data signals.

The DVR 102A may be directly connected to the Service Provider 106A orContent Server 106B by using an internal telephone modem, signified byCommunication Interface 162 to dial into an incoming call modem bank ofService Provider 106A. Alternatively, through Communication Interface162, the DVR 102A may be indirectly connected to the Service Provider106A or Content Server 106B via local area network (LAN) 105, which isin turn connected to Service Provider 106A and Content Server 106Bthrough Internet 107. LAN 105 may be connected to Internet 107 using acable modem or router such that multiple devices located on LAN 105 mayconnect to Internet 107.

The DVR 102A initiates a connection to LAN 105 by communicating with aLAN router to obtain a local IP address on home network 190. The DVR mayalso initiate a connection to Internet 107 by calling a local accesstelephone number for an Internet service provider (ISP) using aninternal modem and telephone line. The ISP directs the networkconnection request to the Service Provider 106 for identificationverification. Upon verification, the network connection is authorizedand the DVR 102A is granted access to the Service Provider 106A.

On a user's PC 101, a media application program is specifically coded tocommunicate with one or more DVRs and is functional for encrypting anddecrypting multimedia content. The media application program provides auser interface for viewing content on each sharing DVR and selectingcontent for retrieval. Further, the media application program mayprovide a graphical user interface for setting up a network of sharingPCs and DVRs on LAN 105.

-   3.0 Approach for Providing Secure Transfer and Playback of    Multimedia Content

3.1 Establishing a Secure Connection Between a DVR and a PC

Each DVR 102A, 102B goes through a discovery stage to find and establisha secure connection with other devices on the LAN. Discovery may beperformed using any appropriate discovery protocol (e.g. Rendezvous byApple Computer, Inc.), and may be set to run automatically at aspecified time interval or at the user's request. During discovery, DVR102A finds neighboring DVRs 102B, 104 and PCs 101, 110 on LAN 105 andmay identify one or more devices as an authorized sharing devices. Forinstance, DVR 102A may identify DVR 102B as an authorized sharing deviceand also recognize DVR 104 as an unauthorized device. Therefore, anyattempt by DVR 104 to request the content of DVR 102A will be denied. Inorder to determine which devices attached to LAN 105 are authorizedsharing devices, DVR 102A may consult a digital sharing certificateprovided by Service Provider 106A.

In order to supply DVR 102A with a digital sharing certificate, a userlogs onto a Service Provider 106A website to create a record of thedevices that he wants to be considered as authorized sharing devices.Using any appropriate user interface, the user enters the serial numbersor MAC addresses of the devices that he wants included, which theService Provider 106 may verify through its database or by locatinginformation the user has previously entered. Thereafter, ServiceProvider 106A creates a digital sharing certificate that identifies theuser's authorized sharing devices. The certificate may contain eachdevices' serial number, MAC address, and corresponding public key.Alternatively, the certificate may contain any other unique informationfor identifying a DVR or PC.

The digital sharing certificate can inform a DVR that it can share itsstored content with other DVRs that are listed in the digital sharingcertificate and also retrieve content from those DVRs. It can alsoinform the DVR that the DVR can share its stored content with a PC oncethe PC confirms that it knows the DVR's private information, forexample, its media access key or MAC address. The DVR can pair itselfwith a single PC (to provide a more secure environment) or it can pairitself with multiple PCs, depending on how the Service Provider 106Aconfigures the DVRs.

The Service Provider 106A distributes the digital sharing certificate tothe DVRs listed in the digital sharing certificate. The DVRs typicallyreceive the digital sharing certificate when they perform their periodiccontact with the Service Provider 106A for any updates to theirelectronic program guide or software updates. The Service Provider 106Amay also push the digital sharing certificate to a DVR via the Internet107 if the DVR is connected to the Internet 107.

In operation, if DVR 104 requests a list of multimedia content stored onDVR 102A from DVR 102A, DVR 102A checks its digital sharing certificateand finds that DVR 104 is not listed as an authorized sharing device.DVR 102A then rejects DVR 104's request for multimedia content.

The user may indicate that the particular DVR, e.g. DVR 102A, may sharecontent over the local area network, or specifically, with the user's PC101. Thereafter, when the DVR 102A next contacts the Service Provider106A, the Service Provider will send a message to the DVR 102A causingit to enable sharing content over LAN 105. The DVR 102A may acceptconnections from any device that specifies a media access key thatmatches the DVR's media access key.

On PC 101, a media application program is specifically coded tocommunicate with any DVR 102A, 102B, 104 and is functional forencrypting and decrypting content. The media application programprovides a user interface for viewing content on each sharing DVR 102A,102B and selecting content for retrieval. Further, the media applicationprogram may provide an interface for setting up a network of sharing PCsand DVRs on the user's LAN. Using such an interface, a user may identifyany PC or DVR located on home network 109 and select particular PCs orDVRs as authorized sharing devices. Another function of the mediaapplication program is to encode or transcode multimedia content fortransfer to Portable Device 101A.

When PC 101 loads its media application program, the program performs adiscovery, using Rendezvous for example, of neighboring DVRs 102A, 102Band 104 on LAN 105. During the discovery, the PC may identify one ormore authorized sharing DVRs 102A, 102B. In other embodiments of theinvention, a user may supply the media application program withinformation identifying a particular DVR as an authorized sharing DVR onLAN 105. Such identifying information may be a media access key, serialnumber, or any other unique identification of a DVR. Thus, when the PCperforms the discovery, the PC may search for only those DVRs specifiedas authorized sharing DVRs 102A, 102B.

In other embodiments, when PC 101 loads the media application program,the media application program may request user information forauthorizing the user of PC 101. For instance, media application programmay request a user ID and password supplied by Service Provider 106A foraccessing the media application program or originally setup by the userwhen the user initialized the media application program. When the userenters his information, the media application program compares thesupplied information with the information saved by the media applicationprogram to determine if the user is authorized to use the program.

Further, the media application program may request a media access keyassociated with a DVR 102A on LAN 105 when the user attempts to pair themedia application program with the DVR 102A. In one embodiment, each DVR102A, 102B and 104 is associated with a unique media access key used foraccessing content stored on the DVR. The media access key may beaccessible through the user interface of the DVR. In other embodiments,the media access key for DVR 102A may be provided by Service Provider106A to the user. For instance, a user accesses the website of ServiceProvider 106A and obtains the media access key for DVR 102A by supplyinga username and password to the Service Provider 106A.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing a process for establishing a secureconnection between DVR 102A and PC 101 according to one embodiment. Atstep 202, PC 101 loads the media application program. If it isdetermined that this is the first time the media application is loadedon PC 101 the media application program requests a media access key fromthe user using the display of PC 101 in order for the media applicationprogram to retrieve a list of stored content from a DVR. Further, themedia application program may request a media access key from the userif it is determined that the user is adding a new DVR 102B to his listof sharing DVRs for that particular media application program.

At step 206 when the user supplies the media access key to the mediaapplication program, the media application program locates the DVR 102Aassociated with the supplied media access key on the LAN 105. Once theselected DVR 102A has been located, the media application program causesPC 101 to send a connection request to DVR 102A. PC 101 sends theconnection request along with the supplied media access key forauthentication. In other embodiments, PC 101 may use any otheracceptable form of authentication.

At step 203, before receiving the connection request, DVR 102A will havedetermined whether it is authorized to share content over LAN 105. Forinstance, DVR 102A may determine it is authorized to share content overLAN 105 after receiving an authorization notification in a digitalsharing certificate, for example, from Service Provider 106A. If DVR102A determines that it is not authorized to share content over LAN 105,DVR 102A will refuse all incoming connections.

Otherwise, at step 209, DVR 102A is authorized to share its multimediacontent and receives the connection request from PC 101. In oneembodiment, the DVR receives a notification from the Service Provider106A indicating that the DVR 102A may pair with any PC that correctlyindicates the DVR's media access key. In another embodiment, the DVR mayrequire additional parameters, such that the DVR requires that PC 101also be located within the DVR's local area network.

Next, at step 211, DVR 102A authenticates the connection request bycomparing the media access key supplied by PC 101 with the DVR's ownmedia access key. If the keys match, then DVR 102A may establish asecure connection by sending an acknowledgment to the PC 101.

Additionally, to establish the secure connection, DVR 102A can specify apublic encryption key for encrypting all messages between the DVR andthe PC. Thus, when PC 101 receives the acknowledgment from DVR 102A, thePC will have DVR 102A′s public encryption key and can send securemessages to DVR 102A using the key. Further, PC 101 may also send itsown public encryption key to DVR 102A so that DVR 102A can send securemessages to PC 101. Thus, a secure connection is established between DVR102A and PC 101. Alternatively, the secure connection may be establishedusing any available encryption algorithm, for instance, the Turingencryption algorithm. Also, the secure connection may be establishedusing an encryption key system. In such a system, messages may be signedwith encryption keys that are generated using the Message Digest 5 (MD5)algorithm or Secure Hash Algorithm-1 (SHA-1) of a device's MAC address.The generated encryption key is then used by DVR 102A or PC 101 todecrypt signed messages into their original format.

Initially, the media application program may be configured to be pairedwith one DVR using the media access key associated with that DVR. Inanother embodiment, the media application program may be configured tocommunicate with more than one DVR on LAN 105. The media applicationprogram may provide the ability to enter a plurality of media accesskeys corresponding to a plurality of DVRs on LAN 105. In this example,the media application program may allow PC 101 to establish a secureconnection with both DVR 102A and DVR 102B.

Alternatively, after establishing a secure connection with one DVR, themedia application program may identify all authorized sharing DVRs onthe users LAN. For instance, in one embodiment, when the PC establishesa secure connection with the first DVR, the first DVR supplies the PCwith a sharing certificate. This sharing certificate may have beenprovided by the Service Provider 106A, or alternatively another DVR. Thesharing certificate identifies all DVRs on the user's LAN that areauthorized to share content, and may also contain each DVR's mediaaccess key. In one embodiment, the Service Provider 106A sends a sharingcertificate to the PC after the user has selected authorized sharingDVRs on the website of Service Provider 106A. Thus, Service Provider106A creates the sharing certificate and transfers it to PC 101 throughInternet 107. In another embodiment, the PC media application programmay retrieve the sharing certificate from the initially paired DVR 102A.

3.2 Transferring Multimedia Content Between a DVR and a PC

Once PC 101 and DVR 102A have established a connection, the securetransferring of multimedia content between the devices is enabled.Secure transfer of content may be established from the DVR 102A to thePC 101 or from the PC 101 to the DVR 102A.

Referring to FIG. 3, at step 302, once a connection has beenestablished, a user utilizing the media application program on PC 101may request that the contents of DVR 102A be displayed to the user.Alternatively, media application program may automatically generate arequest for content and send it to the DVR 102A every time the mediaapplication program is loaded on PC 101. Next, at step 303 when the DVR102A receives the request for content, it generates data listing themultimedia content stored on DVR 102A and sends a packet to the PC 101including metadata containing a listing of available content on the DVR102A. At step 306, when the media application program receives thepacket, it displays the available content to the user via the userinterface at step 308.

Referring to FIG. 3B, according to one embodiment, a user interface ofthe media application program is depicted. In program window 350, themedia application program presents a user with a list of content 358stored on DVR 102A. A user can select a particular program from the listof content 358 and, by selecting button 352, cause the media applicationprogram to generate a request to transfer the selected program from DVR102A to PC 101. Media application program in turn sends this request toDVR 102A to initiate the transfer.

Once a transfer has been initiated, program window 350 allows a user totrack the progress of the transfer by displaying transfer statusinformation 354. The transfer status information 354 may include theamount of multimedia content being transferred, as well as the timeremaining to complete the transfer. Using the content list 358, a usercan select particular multimedia content and view detailed informationof the particular multimedia content in information window 356.Information window 356 may contain information pertinent to themultimedia content, including the title, description, duration andrating of the particular multimedia content. Further, information window356 may contain control buttons 356A and 356B. For instance, Play button356A allows a user to play the selected multimedia content on the user'sPC 101 and Stop transfer button 36B allows a user to stop the transferof multimedia content from DVR 102A to PC 101.

Referring back to FIG. 3A, at step 310A, using the media applicationprogram, the user may select multimedia from the list of availablecontent 358 on DVR 102A. The requested multimedia content may be a fullmotion video program, audio content, picture content, or any othercontent that may be stored on the DVR 102A. At 310B, the mediaapplication program then sends the request from PC 101 to DVR 102A. TheDVR 102A, at step 311, receives the request and locates the content,which may be stored in the DVR's memory or other storage mechanismaccessible by the DVR 102A. Once the DVR 102A has located the requestedmultimedia content, the DVR 102A begins the process of preparing thecontent for transfer to PC 101.

In order for the PC to properly read and interpret the multimediacontent, the DVR 102A may convert its internal representation of themultimedia content into a program stream readable by the computer. Inone embodiment, the internal representation of the multimedia content isan internal Packetized Elementary Stream (PES) format not readable by aPC. Details of the internal PES format are typified by U.S. Pat. No.6,233,389 B1, which is owned by the Applicant and is incorporated byreference herein. Also, one program stream format readable by a computeris the Motion Picture Experts Group (MPEG) format, of which MPEG-2 andMPEG-4 are the typical popularly used formats. Alternatively, otherdigital formats may be used.

Thus, at step 313, DVR 102A converts the internal PES format of therequested multimedia content into an MPEG program stream. In otherembodiments, DVR 102A may convert the internal PES format into anyformat readable by PC 101. Alternatively, the conversion from internalPES into an MPEG program stream may take place at the PC. Thus, DVR 102Asends its internal PES format to PC 101, including any additional dataas further described. For purposes of providing an example, the processof converting the internal PES format into an MPEG program stream isillustrated at FIG. 5 and discussed below in Section E.

After conversion, at step 315, DVR 102A may attach additional data tothe MPEG program stream. In the case that the conversion takes place atthe PC, DVR 102A may attach additional data to the internal PES formatof the multimedia content before sending it to PC 101. The additionaldata in either event may be, for instance, content data comprisinginformation of the requested multimedia content. Further, in otherembodiments, DVR 102A may attach additional data such as licensing data.The licensing data may contain information relating to the user'sability to store and play the multimedia content. For example, the usermay be limited to storing the content on the PC for three days.

FIG. 4 is a general overview of an MPEG content stream 400 according toone embodiment. The MPEG content stream 405 contains the datarepresenting the requested multimedia content. MPEG content stream 405is made up of interleaved Video 405A, Audio 405B and Data packets in aformat readable by PC 101. Additional Data 401-404 may be attached toMPEG content stream 405 for transfer to PC 101.

In one embodiment the additional data may comprise Metadata 401, PublicMetadata 402, Private Metadata 403 and License Data 404. For example,Metadata 401 and Public Metadata 402 may contain information on thecontent itself, such as the content name, duration, commercials that maybe played and other content notes. Private Metadata 403 may containother information such as customer information for pay-per-view movies,customer billing information, customer preferences, etc. License data404 may contain information regarding user license restrictions,including playback restrictions or storage restrictions.

Alternatively, the licensing data may indicate an expiration date ortime for the content, such that once the indicated expiration date ortime has passed, media application program running on PC 101 will deleteor erase the transferred content from the PC's storage device.Alternatively, the passage of such an expiration date could cause mediaapplication program to display a message to the user indicating theexpiration of the multimedia content. Further, the licensing data mayindicate the amount of times multimedia content may be viewed, such thatPC 101 will delete the content from the PC's storage once the user hasexceeded the viewing limit.

In another embodiment, the additional data may comprise DVR origin data.For instance, the MPEG content stream 405 may comprise information suchas a DVR 102A's serial number or MAC address. Further, the DVR origindata may include a signature using a private key of DVR 102A.

In another embodiment, the DVR may also add a unique watermark to thedata in the program stream. For instance, DVR 102A may modify programstream 400 by inserting data representing DVR 102A's serial number. Inthe case of video or photo content, the watermark may be visible, suchthat when the multimedia content is played back, the originating DVR'sinformation is displayed on screen in an un-obtrusive mannerAlternatively, the watermark may be invisible or imperceptible to theuser such that the watermark data is hidden in the program stream butnonetheless available for verification.

Referring back to FIG. 3, after DVR 102A has attached the additionaldata to the program stream 400, at step 317, DVR 102A may encrypt theprogram stream for secure delivery to PC 101 in the same manner asdescribed above for messages between the DVR and PC. DVR 102A may decideto encrypt the entire program stream 400, or alternatively, onlyparticular portions of program stream 400, such as the MPEG contentstream 405 and private metadata 403.

At step 319, DVR 102A sends the program stream to PC 101. When PC 101receives the program stream, at step 322, it decrypts the program stream400 as described above. Alternatively, if DVR 102A used a differentencryption algorithm, PC 101 would use the respective algorithm fordecrypting the program stream 400. After PC 101 has decrypted theprogram stream, PC 101 may store the program stream onto the PC's localor removable storage device.

Alternatively, in another embodiment, when PC 101 receives the encryptedprogram stream from DVR 102A, PC 101 may store the encrypted programstream directly onto the PC's local or removable storage device withoutgoing through the decryption process. Thereafter, PC 101 retrieves anddecrypts the encrypted program stream using the appropriate decryptionkey during playback of the multimedia content. Thus, when a userrequests to play back the multimedia content the program stream isretrieved from the storage device, decrypted, and displayed to the user.

During playback, PC 101 may utilize additional data 401-404 of programstream 400 to display content information or perform a license check toauthorize the playback of the content. Also, once the program stream hasbeen decrypted and stored, PC 101 may transfer the multimedia content toanother device, such as portable device 101A. Transfer to the portabledevice 101A may be accomplished through any means. For instance, themedia application program may provide an option for synchronizing themultimedia content stored on PC 101 with portable device 101A.Synchronization may occur over LAN 105, or directly through a serialcable or wireless interface. Further, for correct playback on portabledevice 101A, PC 101 may further transcode a stored program stream byconverting it into a format readable by portable device 101A.

In another embodiment, PC 101 may have stored multimedia content that auser would like to access using his DVR 102A. After PC 101 and DVR 102Ahave established a secure connection, as described above, DVR 102A canrequest multimedia content from PC 101. Using a graphical interface onDVR 102A, a user can select multimedia content for retrieval from PC101. The multimedia content on the PC may be content downloaded fromContent Server 106B, content from another DVR 102B, or multimediacontent already owned by the user and stored on PC 101. Further, themultimedia content may be content supplied by portable device 101A. Inone embodiment, portable device 101A is a video-enabled phone with theability to record, store and playback video content. As such, portabledevice 101A may transfer stored video programs to PC 101, which in turntransfers the video program to DVR 102A. In other embodiments, portabledevice 101A may be any device capable of transferring multimedia contentto PC 101.

In order to transfer the content from the PC 101 to the DVR 102A, theabove process of transferring content from the DVR to the PC isreversed. However, instead of converting the program stream, PC 101merely encrypts the MPEG program stream and sends it to DVR 102A. WhenDVR 102A receives the MPEG program stream, it decrypts the stream andconverts it into an internal PES format, for example, by reversing theabove PES-MPEG conversion process. Alternatively, the DVR may store theMPEG program stream onto its storage device without conversion ordecryption.

In yet another embodiment, a user may automate the above process byhaving PC 101 automatically retrieve content from DVR 102A. Forinstance, using the media application program on PC 101, a user canschedule the retrieval of multimedia content from DVR 102A by setting apre-determined time for retrieving content. When the time for retrievaloccurs, the media application program automatically requests the contentfrom DVR 102A. In conjunction with scheduling a time for retrievingcontent, a user can also specify the particular multimedia content toretrieve. Thus, the media application program may be programmed toretrieve all of the user-specified recorded content on DVR 102A once aweek, effectively synchronizing the content on the PC 101 with that onthe DVR 102A. Alternatively, the user may request that only particularmultimedia content be automatically retrieved from DVR 102A. In oneexample, the particular multimedia content may be a particular TVprogram or a series of a particular TV program.

In the event the user would like to schedule the retrieval of multimediacontent not yet recorded by the DVR, the media application program isfunctional for causing DVR 102A to record a particular program andsubsequently transfer the recorded content to PC 101. The mediaapplication program on PC 101 is also functional for determining whetherparticular multimedia content has been recorded and stored on DVR 102A.For example, the media application program can periodically request alisting of recorded content stored on DVR 102A to determine whetherparticular multimedia content has been stored. If the multimedia contentis not listed as being stored in DVR 102A, the media application programwill not initiate a transfer of the content from DVR 102A to PC 101.Further, the media application program can verify that the particularmultimedia content is scheduled for recording, and if not, can instructDVR 102A to record the content at an appropriate time (e.g., usinginformation retrieved from an electronic program guide). Once the mediaapplication program determines that the particular multimedia contenthas been stored on DVR 102A, the media application program initiates atransfer of the content between DVR 102A and PC 101 using the processfor transferring content described above.

Alternatively, a user may schedule the retrieval of content throughService Provider 106A. For instance, a user may access the website ofService Provider 106A to indicate particular multimedia content the userwould like transferred from DVR 102A to PC 101. The user can indicatethat the multimedia content be transferred at a scheduled time orautomatically once the content has been recorded and stored by DVR 102A.Next, Service Provider 106A sends a message to PC 101 instructing PC 101to request and retrieve multimedia content from DVR 102A using theuser's settings.

Alternatively, the Service Provider 106A can instruct the PC 101 toretrieve other multimedia content from the DVR 102A that the user hasnot requested. For example, the Service Provider 106A can instruct thePC 101 to retrieve a series of video commercials that the ServiceProvider 106A wants the user to view on the PC 101. The Service Provider106A has the ability to push content to the PC 101 via the DVR 102A.This enables the Service Provider 106A to implement a fee based servicewhere advertisers and content providers pay the Service Provider 106A afee to have their content pushed to the user's PC 101. The fee can bebased on simply placing the content on the PC 101, the actual userviewing the content on the PC where the advertiser or content provider'sfee is based on the actual viewing of the content by the user, or acombination of both. The media application program has the ability toreport to the Service Provider 106A what content has been viewed, howmany times the content has been viewed, and how much of each content hasbeen viewed, as well as other user viewing statistics that can bemeasured.

Thus, a user does not need to use the media application program on PC101 to initiate a transfer. Instead, the user need only indicate whatparticular content the user would like transferred from DVR 102A to PC101. Also, if the user requests to transfer multimedia content that isnot yet stored or recorded on DVR 102A, Service Provider 106A may notinstruct PC 101 to retrieve the multimedia content until ServiceProvider 106A determines that the multimedia content is available on DVR102A.

In one embodiment, Service Provider 106A can determine that multimediacontent is available on DVR 102A by connecting directly to DVR 102Athrough Internet 107. Alternatively, Service Provider 106A can make thisdetermination by establishing a connection to DVR 102A over a telephoneline. The DVR 102A can initiate the contact or the Service Provider 106Acan do so. Service Provider 106A maintains a database containinginformation of DVR 102A's recorded multimedia content and scheduledrecordings. Every time Service Provider 106A connects to DVR 102A,Service Provider 106A updates its database to correctly reflect DVR102A's recorded content and scheduled recordings. Thus, Service Provider106A checks the database to determine if DVR 102A contains recordedcontent or has scheduled a particular recording.

Once Service Provider 106A determines that DVR 102A has recorded theparticular multimedia content, Service Provider 106A sends a message toPC 101 to initiate the transfer of the multimedia content from DVR 102Ato PC 101. Alternatively, Service Provider 106A may simply send therequest to PC 101 to transfer multimedia content from DVR 102A to PC101, after which the media application program on PC 101 is used todetermine whether DVR 102A contains the recorded content, or whether thecontent should be scheduled for recording and/or retrieval. Further, inanother embodiment, the above process may be used to initiate a transferfrom DVR 102A to portable device 101A. Thus, Service Provider 106A cansend a message to PC 101 to initiate a transfer from DVR 102A to PC 101,and further to transcode the multimedia content into a format readableby portable device 101A and transfer the multimedia content to portabledevice 101A.

Additionally, the process described above may be initiated by portabledevice 101A. In such an embodiment, portable device 101A may be used toaccess Service Provider 106A′s website. Thus, portable device 101A maybe functional for selecting and scheduling the transfer of multimediacontent from DVR 102A to PC 101. Further, in one embodiment, ServiceProvider 106A can determine when the transfer of the multimedia contentfrom DVR 102A to PC 101 is complete. For instance, once the transfer iscomplete, DVR 102A or PC 101 may send a message to Service Provider 106Athrough Internet 107. Subsequently, Service Provider 106A can send amessage to portable device 101A through Internet 107 indicating thecompletion of the transfer. Further, in another embodiment, portabledevice 101A may be a cellular phone, and Service Provider 106A canrequest that a cellular network operator send a notification message tothe cellular phone using the cellular network.

A broadband application of the system is also possible. In such anapplication of the system, a content server allows a DVR 102A to selectcontent to be transferred and viewed on DVR 102A over a broadbandnetwork, such as Internet 107. For example, DVR 102A may downloadcontent from Content Server 106B for playback or storage on DVR 102A viaInternet 107.

Referring to FIG. 5, according to one embodiment, a user interface fordownloading content over a broadband network is shown. Through astandard TV set connected to DVR 102A, DVR 102A causes screen 501 to bepresented to a user of DVR 102A. Screen 501 contains selectable options,one of which is the “Video Connect” option for obtaining multimediacontent over a broadband connection. A user of DVR 102A can selectoptions displayed on Screen 501 by utilizing any appropriate controlinterface, such as a remote control associated with DVR 102A. When auser of DVR 102A selects the “Video Connect” option, DVR 102A causesscreen 502 to be presented.

Screen 502 displays information regarding multimedia content availablefor download. In one embodiment, such information may be the title,duration, and description of the multimedia content. When the userselects the particular multimedia content, DVR 102A causes screen 503 tobe presented to the user.

Screen 503 includes an option for purchasing and initiating a downloadof the multimedia content from Content Server 106B. Once the userselects to purchase and download the multimedia content, DVR 102A sendsa request to Content Server 106B to initiate a transfer of themultimedia content to DVR 102A. In other embodiments, the user maydownload the multimedia content without purchasing the multimediacontent from the Content Server 106B. For instance, the user may havepreviously paid for the multimedia content or the multimedia content maybe free of charge.

To ensure the secure transfer of such content between Content Server106B and DVR 102A over Internet 107, the multimedia content may beencrypted by Content Server 106B using the public encryption key of DVR102A. The public encryption key of DVR 102A may be provided to ContentServer 106B from DVR 102A or Service Provider 106A. Once DVR 102Areceives the encrypted multimedia content, it can decrypt and store thecontent for playback. In another embodiment, the multimedia contentdownloaded from Content Server 106B may be subsequently transferred toPC 101 or another DVR 102B using the process described above.

A system for providing secure transfer and playback of multimediacontent comprises, according to an embodiment, a digital video recorder,a personal computer, a service provider, and a computer network coupledto the service provider, PC and DVR. The service provider communicateswith the DVR to obtain a listing of multimedia content stored on theDVR. The service provider provides the listing of multimedia content toa user of the service provider. The DVR is instructed by the serviceprovider to transfer specific multimedia content to the PC that isselected by a user according to the listing of multimedia contentprovided by the service provider. In an embodiment, the service providercommunicates with the DVR to obtain a recording schedule of the DVR. TheDVR is then instructed by the service provider to record multimediaprograms that are selected by the user.

3.3 Internal PES to MPEG-2 Conversion Process

In one embodiment, DVR 102A stores recorded multimedia content in aninternal PES format for playback. However, in order for PC 101 toprocess the multimedia content, the internal PES format must beconverted into a PC readable form. In one embodiment, such a PC readableformat is an MPEG program stream. Referring to FIG. 6, the internal PESrepresentation of the multimedia content is embodied by PES Buffer 604,which contains video events (V) and audio events (A) of the multimediacontent. Additionally, in other embodiments, PES Buffer 604 may containother events such as private data events. To begin the process ofconverting the data in internal PES buffer 604 to an MPEG program stream400, DVR 102A allocates an audio buffer 612 and video buffer 614.

Parser 606 reads each event in the PES buffer and places the audio orvideo data in the respective buffer 612 or 614. Thus, video events (V)will be parsed into the video buffer 612 and audio events (A) will beparsed into audio buffer 614.

Video buffer 612 and audio buffer 614 are monitored by packetizer 620.When a predetermined amount of video or audio data has filled eachbuffer, packetizer 620 begins creating packets for transfer of themultimedia content in a packet-switched network. In one embodiment, apacket contains a header portion and a data portion. The packetizer 620creates packets by taking video or audio data from the respective bufferand placing it in the data portion of each packet. For example,packetizer 606 may create a packet for every 5 kilobytes of data invideo buffer 612. Assume, for instance, that each video event (V) invideo buffer 612 represents 1 KB. When five video events (V) haveentered video buffer 612, packetizer 606 determines that enough data (5KB) has filled the video buffer 612, and inserts the data representingthe five video events (V) into the data portion of packet.

Further, in another embodiment, packetizer 620 is functional for placingadditional data in the header portion of each packet. For instance,packetizer 620 may insert header data into the packet indicating thatthe audio and video data have been encoded using the MPEG standard. Whenthe packetizer has completed creating a packet P1, it places the packetinto output stream 630. In one embodiment, the packets P1-P5 in outputstream 630 are fed to an encrypting module 640 for the encryption ofeach packet using an appropriate encryption algorithm. Alternatively,encrypting module 640 may be used to sign messages using an encryptionkey generated using SHA-1 with the DVR's MAC address or media accesskey. Finally, each packet in output stream 630 is sent to PC 101. Unlikethe internal PES representation of the multimedia content, the resultingoutput stream 630 is a format that is readable by PC 101.

In another embodiment, instead of using an internal PES format, DVR 102Amay store multimedia content as an MPEG program stream. In oneembodiment, the MPEG program stream is an MPEG-2 or MPEG-4 programstream. Thus, DVR 102A will not need to convert the data stream fortransfer to PC 101. For instance, when DVR 102A initiates a transfer ofthe multimedia content to PC 101, DVR 102A retrieves the MPEG programstream from storage, parses the data stream into data packets and sendsthe packets to PC 101. As mentioned before, DVR 102A may also encryptthe data sent to PC 101. When PC 101 receives each packet, itre-assembles the packets into the MPEG program stream and stores thedata stream onto a storage device. When the user decides to play backthe multimedia content, PC 101 retrieves the MPEG program stream fromstorage, decrypts the data stream and displays the multimedia content tothe user. Further, PC 101 may transcode the MPEG program stream fortransfer to portable device 101A. In another embodiment, PC 101 may sendthe MPEG program stream directly to portable device 101A without anyfurther processing. For instance, portable device 101A may be functionalfor storing and playing back multimedia content in MPEG format.

Alternatively, DVR 102A may store multimedia content in any formatacceptable for storage and/or playback on DVR 102A. Further, DVR 102A orPC 101 may convert the multimedia content to any format acceptable forstorage and/or playback on PC 101 or portable device 101A.

4.0 Implementation Mechanisms—Hardware Overview

FIG. 7 is a block diagram that illustrates a computer system 700 uponwhich an embodiment of the invention may be implemented. Computer system700 includes a bus 702 or other communication mechanism forcommunicating information, and a processor 704 coupled with bus 702 forprocessing information. Computer system 700 also includes a main memory706, such as a random access memory (RAM) or other dynamic storagedevice, coupled to bus 702 for storing information and instructions tobe executed by processor 704. Main memory 706 also may be used forstoring temporary variables or other intermediate information duringexecution of instructions to be executed by processor 704. Computersystem 700 further includes a read only memory (ROM) 708 or other staticstorage device coupled to bus 702 for storing static information andinstructions for processor 704. A storage device 710, such as a magneticdisk or optical disk, is provided and coupled to bus 702 for storinginformation and instructions.

Computer system 700 may be coupled via bus 702 to a display 712, such asa cathode ray tube (CRT), for displaying information to a computer user.An input device 714, including alphanumeric and other keys, is coupledto bus 702 for communicating information and command selections toprocessor 704. Another type of user input device is cursor control 716,such as a mouse, a trackball, or cursor direction keys for communicatingdirection information and command selections to processor 704 and forcontrolling cursor movement on display 712. This input device typicallyhas two degrees of freedom in two axes, a first axis (e.g., x) and asecond axis (e.g., y), that allows the device to specify positions in aplane.

The invention is related to the use of computer system 700 forimplementing the techniques described herein. According to oneembodiment of the invention, those techniques are performed by computersystem 700 in response to processor 704 executing one or more sequencesof one or more instructions contained in main memory 706. Suchinstructions may be read into main memory 706 from anothercomputer-readable medium, such as storage device 710. Execution of thesequences of instructions contained in main memory 706 causes processor704 to perform the process steps described herein. In alternativeembodiments, hard-wired circuitry may be used in place of or incombination with software instructions to implement the invention. Thus,embodiments of the invention are not limited to any specific combinationof hardware circuitry and software.

The term “computer-readable medium” as used herein refers to any mediumthat participates in providing instructions to processor 704 forexecution. Such a medium may take many forms, including but not limitedto, non-volatile media, volatile media, and transmission media.Non-volatile media includes, for example, optical or magnetic disks,such as storage device 710. Volatile media includes dynamic memory, suchas main memory 706. Transmission media includes coaxial cables, copperwire and fiber optics, including the wires that comprise bus 702.Transmission media can also take the form of acoustic or light waves,such as those generated during radio-wave and infra-red datacommunications.

Common forms of computer-readable media include, for example, a floppydisk, a flexible disk, hard disk, magnetic tape, or any other magneticmedium, a CD-ROM, any other optical medium, punchcards, papertape, anyother physical medium with patterns of holes, a RAM, a PROM, and EPROM,a FLASH-EPROM, any other memory chip or cartridge, a carrier wave asdescribed hereinafter, or any other medium from which a computer canread.

Various forms of computer readable media may be involved in carrying oneor more sequences of one or more instructions to processor 704 forexecution. For example, the instructions may initially be carried on amagnetic disk of a remote computer. The remote computer can load theinstructions into its dynamic memory and send the instructions over atelephone line using a modem. A modem local to computer system 700 canreceive the data on the telephone line and use an infra-red transmitterto convert the data to an infra-red signal. An infra-red detector canreceive the data carried in the infra-red signal and appropriatecircuitry can place the data on bus 702. Bus 702 carries the data tomain memory 706, from which processor 704 retrieves and executes theinstructions. The instructions received by main memory 706 mayoptionally be stored on storage device 710 either before or afterexecution by processor 704.

Computer system 700 also includes a communication interface 718 coupledto bus 702. Communication interface 718 provides a two-way datacommunication coupling to a network link 720 that is connected to alocal network 722. For example, communication interface 718 may be anintegrated services digital network (ISDN) card or a modem to provide adata communication connection to a corresponding type of telephone line.As another example, communication interface 718 may be a local areanetwork (LAN) card to provide a data communication connection to acompatible LAN. Wireless links may also be implemented. In any suchimplementation, communication interface 718 sends and receiveselectrical, electromagnetic or optical signals that carry digital datastreams representing various types of information.

Network link 720 typically provides data communication through one ormore networks to other data devices. For example, network link 720 mayprovide a connection through local network 722 to a host computer 724 orto data equipment operated by an Internet Service Provider (ISP) 726.ISP 726 in turn provides data communication services through the worldwide packet data communication network now commonly referred to as the“Internet” 728. Local network 722 and Internet 728 both use electrical,electromagnetic or optical signals that carry digital data streams. Thesignals through the various networks and the signals on network link 720and through communication interface 718, which carry the digital data toand from computer system 700, are exemplary forms of carrier wavestransporting the information.

Computer system 700 can send messages and receive data, includingprogram code, through the network(s), network link 720 and communicationinterface 718. In the Internet example, a server 730 might transmit arequested code for an application program through Internet 728, ISP 726,local network 722 and communication interface 718.

The received code may be executed by processor 704 as it is received,and/or stored in storage device 710, or other non-volatile storage forlater execution. In this manner, computer system 700 may obtainapplication code in the form of a carrier wave.

In the foregoing specification, the invention has been described withreference to specific embodiments thereof. It will, however, be evidentthat various modifications and changes may be made thereto withoutdeparting from the broader spirit and scope of the invention. Thespecification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded in anillustrative rather than a restrictive sense.

-   5.0 Extensions and Alternatives

In the foregoing specification, the invention has been described withreference to specific embodiments thereof. It will, however, be evidentthat various modifications and changes may be made thereto withoutdeparting from the broader spirit and scope of the invention. Thespecification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded in anillustrative rather than a restrictive sense.

1-20. (canceled)
 21. A method comprising: transmitting, from a firstdevice to a second device, over a network, a first request to view anitem of multimedia content; receiving, at the first device from thesecond device, a message instructing the first device to request theitem of multimedia content from a third device; in response to receivingthe message, transmitting, from the first device to the third device,over the network, a second request for the item of multimedia content;and receiving, at the first device from the third device, the item ofmultimedia content in response to the second request.
 22. The method ofclaim 21, wherein the third device is a digital video recorder.
 23. Themethod of claim 21, wherein the item of multimedia content is contentrecorded or downloaded by the third device.
 24. The method of claim 21,wherein the first device is a portable device configured to receive theitem over a local area network and/or wireless interface.
 25. The methodof claim 21, further comprising, prior to the second device receivingthe first request, receiving, by the first device, from the seconddevice, a listing of content accessible at the third device.
 26. Themethod of claim 21, further comprising: receiving, by the second device,key information from the first device; using, by the second device, thekey information to establish a connection with the third device.
 27. Themethod of claim 21, wherein the second device is a personal computingdevice.
 28. The method of claim 21, further comprising transcoding, atthe third device, the item of multimedia content into a format suitablefor playback on the first device.
 29. One or more non-transitorycomputer-readable media storing instructions that, when executed by oneor more computing devices, cause performance of: transmitting, from afirst device to a second device, over a network, a first request to viewan item of multimedia content; receiving, at the first device from thesecond device, a message instructing the first device to request theitem of multimedia content from a third device; in response to receivingthe message, transmitting, from the first device to the third device,over the network, a second request for the item of multimedia content;and receiving, at the first device from the third device, the item ofmultimedia content in response to the second request.
 30. The one ormore non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 29, wherein thethird device is a digital video recorder.
 31. The one or morenon-transitory computer-readable media of claim 29, wherein the item ofmultimedia content is content recorded or downloaded by the thirddevice.
 32. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media ofclaim 29, wherein the first device is a portable device configured toreceive the item over a local area network and/or wireless interface.33. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 29,wherein the instructions, when executed by the one or more computingdevices, further cause performance of, prior to the first devicereceiving the message, receiving, by the first device, from the seconddevice, a listing of content accessible at the third device.
 34. The oneor more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 29, wherein theinstructions, when executed by the one or more computing devices,further cause performance of: receiving, by the second device, keyinformation from the first device; using, by the second device, the keyinformation to establish a connection with the third device.
 35. The oneor more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 29, wherein thesecond device is a personal computing device.
 36. The one or morenon-transitory computer-readable media of claim 29, wherein theinstructions, when executed by the one or more computing device, furthercause performance of transcoding, at the third device, the item ofmultimedia content into a format suitable for playback on the firstdevice.